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Peliosis is a rare, benign disorder consisting of multiple blood filled
cysts in the spleen and liver Etiology is unclear, but is thought to be
linked to chronic disease such as cancer and tuberculosis. This condition
is also common in patients on anabolic steroids and oral contraceptives.
Commonly
asymptomatic, this disease can present with portal hypertension, hemorrhage
and hepatic failure. Other organs also affected can include lymph nodes,
bone marrow, lungs, pleura, kidneys, adrenal glands, stomach and ileum.
Lesions vary in size from one mm to several centimeters. On noncontrast
CT, the blood filled cysts may be iso or slightly hyperdense to normal
splenic parenchyma. Following intravenous contrast administration, the
cysts may be hypodense and display variable enhancement.
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