"CT and MR imaging of the thorax are helpful to characterize lesions initially identified at plain radiography. This characterization helps narrow the differential diagnosis when a lesion is detected in this location." Lesions of the Cardiophrenic Space: Findings at Cross Sectional Imaging
Pineda V et al.
RadioGraphics 2007; 27:19-32 - Pericardial Cyst: Facts
- More common in right cardiophrenic space (77%)
- Congenital in origin
- Always asymptomatic
- Attenuation usually 0-20 HU
- No enhancement on contrast enhanced studies - Lesions of the Cardiophrenic Space: Differential Diagnosis
- Prominent cardiac fat pad
- Diaphragmatic hernia (Morgagni hernia)
- Pericardial fat necrosis
- Pericardial cysts
- Thymic tumors
- Lymphoma
- Adenopathy - Paraganglioma: Facts
Paragangliomas are found predominantly in the abdomen (85%) and the thorax (12%), and only 3% are found in the head and neck region. Most occur as single tumors. When they occur in multiple sites they are usually found as a part of a heritable syndrome such as multiple endocrine neoplasia types II-A and II-B and SDH-related mutations. - Paraganglioma: Facts
- Rare neuroendocrine tumors of chromaffin cell origin
- When they arise outside the adrenal glands in extraadrenal neuroendocrine tissue they are called paragangliomas
- May arise in the chest from the aortic body - Paraganglioma: Facts
- Patients may have mutations in the mitochondrial II genes SDHB, SDHC and SDHD
- 15% of these tumors are extra-adrenal, 85% adrenal in origin (pheochromocytoma) - Paragangliomas: CT Findings
- Vasular lesions especially well enhanced on arterial phase imaging
- Multiple lesions at multiple sites may be seen in select cases and may be part of a familial disorder as well
- Carney syndrome- paraganglioma, pulmonary chondroma, and GI stromal tumor - Paragangliomas
"Paragangliomas of the aortic body and the great vessels have a characteristic imaging appearance. They originate from known sites of the branchiomeric paraganglia such as the aortic body."
Cross-Sectional Imaging of Paragangliomas of the Aortic Body and Other Thoracic Branchiomeric Paraganglia Balcombe J et al.
AJR 2007; 188:1054-1058 - Paragangliomas
"Aortic body paragangliomas are accompanied by other synchronous paragangliomas in 10% of cases."
Cross-Sectional Imaging of Paragangliomas of the Aortic Body and Other Thoracic Branchiomeric Paraganglia Balcombe J et al.
AJR 2007; 188:1054-1058 - Paragangliomas and Syndromes
- Carney’s triad Paraganglioma, pulmonary chondroma, and GIST tumor
- Hereditary Paraganglioma (J Med Genet 2002; 39:617-622) - Branchiomeric Paraganglia: Some Sites
- Carotid body
- Coronary paraganglia
- Pulmonary paraganglia
- Jugulotympanic paraganglia
- Subclavian paraganglia
- Laryngeal paraganglia - Extraadrenal Paragangliomas: CT Findings
- Homogeneous or heterogeneous hyperenhancing mass
- Range in size from 1 cm to over 20 cm
- Common locations are carotid body, jugular foramen, aorticopulmonary region, posterior mediastinum, abdominal paraaortic region including Organ of Zuckerkandl, and pelvis - Paraganglioma: Facts
- Neuroendocrine tumor which arises from the paraganglionic cells
- Pheochromocytoma is a paraganglioma of the adrenal gland
- Usually 4th and 5th decades of life
- 10% are clinically silent and picked up incidentally - Paraganglioma: Facts
- Familial Paragangliomas are 10% of cases
- 35-50% of familial cases are multicentric
- Occur with MEN IIA and IIB, tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, and von Hippel Lindau disease. Also part of Carney’s triad with gastric leiomyosarcoma, chondroma and extraadrenal paraganglioma - Paraganglioma: Facts
"Although paragangliomas can occur in a variety of anatomic locations, the majority are seen in relatively predictable regions of the body."
Extraadrenal Paragangliomas of the Body: imaging Features
Lee KY et al.
AJR 2006; 187:492-504 - "Paragangliomas of the aortic body and the great vessels have a characteristic imaging appearance. They originate from known sites of the branchiomeric paraganglia such as in the aortic body."
Cross-Sectional Imaging of Paragangliomas of the Aortic Body and Other Thoracic Branchiomeric Paraganglia
Balcombe J et al.
AJR 2007; 188:1054-1058 - "Aortic body paragangliomas are accompanied by other synchronous paragangliomas in about 10% of cases."
Cross-Sectional Imaging of Paragangliomas of the Aortic Body and Other Thoracic Branchiomeric Paraganglia
Balcombe J et al.
AJR 2007; 188:1054-1058
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